Interventions to Improve Endoscopic Screening Adherence of Cancer in High-Risk Populations: A Scoping Review.

Background: Colorectal, and gastric cancers have the second, and fourth mortality rates worldwide, respectively. Endoscopic screening is a crucial diagnostic tool for colorectal, and gastric cancers. Effective interventions can improve adherence to endoscopic screening in high-risk populations, which is important for cancer prevention and mortality reduction. This study aimed to identify interventions that could improve adherence to endoscopic screening for cancer in high-risk populations. Methods: Combination keywords including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, screening adherence, and interventions were used to search for articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE Complete. The review methodology was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SCR). Results: A total of 12 articles were included in this review: 9 randomized controlled trials(RCT) and 3 quasi-experimental studies(QEDs). Among the extracted studies, 11 were about colorectal cancer, and 1 was about gastric cancer. Most studies used lecture-based or Information Technology-based health education interventions. Narrative interventions have proven to be novel and effective approaches for promoting adherence to endoscopic screening. Health education interventions included cancer epidemiology, cancer risk factors, warning symptoms, and screening methods. Conclusion: All interventions involved were effective in increasing individual knowledge of cancer-related endoscopic screening, willingness to undergo screening, and screening behaviors. These findings provide a reference for designing endoscopy-related cancer screening interventions.

Influence of soil composition and environmental factors on the adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered considerable scientific and regulatory scrutiny due to their widespread distribution across environments and their potential toxicological impacts on human health. The pedosphere serves as a vital reservoir for these chemicals, significantly determining their environmental trajectory and chemical transformations. This study offers a comprehensive synthesis of the current understanding regarding the adsorption mechanics of PFASs in soil matrices. Due to their unique molecular structure, PFASs predominantly engage in hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions during soil adsorption. This work thoroughly evaluates the influence of various factors on adsorption efficiency, including soil properties, molecular characteristics of PFASs, and the prevailing environmental conditions. The complex nature of soil environments complicates isolating individual impacts on PFAS behavior, necessitating an integrated approach to understanding their environmental destinies better. Through this exploration, we seek to clarify the complex interplay of factors that modulate the adsorption of PFASs in soils, highlighting the urgent need for future research to disentangle the intricate and combined effects that control the environmental behavior of PFAS compounds.

Factors affecting the compliance of hepatocellular carcinoma screening among high-risk populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer mortality. HCC has high morbidity, high mortality, and low survival rates. Screening is one of the most significant methods of lowering incidence and death while also increasing survival. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the facilitators and barriers to participation in HCC screening among high-risk populations. METHODS: A comprehensive and systematic search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBACE, EBSCOhost and the Cochrane Library. A combination of synonyms of the keywords including HCC, screening, factors and adherence were used for searching. Studies addressing the facilitators and barriers to HCC screening compliance in at-risk individuals were included. Data were synthesized using Review Manager version 5.4. A random/fixed effects model meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled data and expressed with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative (n = 1) and quantitative (n = 6) studies using various types of surgery were conducted. The most commonly mentioned barriers were insufficient knowledge and awareness of HCC screening, unawareness of the necessity for early detection of HCC and lack of physician recommendation. A meta-analysis of seven studies showed that individuals with a family history of HCC increased screening uptake by nearly three times (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.93, 3.75). Other most frequently reported facilitators include age, education level, and perceived risk et al. CONCLUSIONS: Many barriers to HCC screening were found. Meanwhile, this review points out that improving the awareness of high-risk populations toward HCC screening is expected to enhance compliance, thereby promoting early diagnosis of liver cancer, reducing mortality, and alleviating the burden of HCC.

FeNi (oxy)hydroxides embedded with high-valence Mo atoms: A efficient and robust water oxidation electrocatalyst.

The incorporation of high-valence transition metal atoms into FeNi (oxy)hydroxides may be a promising strategy to regulate the intrinsic electronic states, thereby reducing the thermodynamic barrier and accelerating oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, a high-valence Mo atoms doping route is proposed by an efficient self-reconstruction strategy to prepare MoFeNi (oxy)hydroxides for efficient alkaline OER. By using borides (MoNiB) as sacrificial template and Mo source, FeNi (oxy)hydroxides nanoflakes embedded with high-valence Mo atoms (MoFeNi) is successfully synthesized, which can modulate the electron coordination to improve the intrinsic catalytic activity. Remarkably, the obtained MoFeNi exhibits extremely low overpotential (η100 = 252 mV and η500 = 288 mV) and small Tafel slope (18.35 mV dec-1). The robust catalyst can run stably for hours at 500 mA cm-2. Characterization results and theoretical calculations confirmed that the addition of high-valence Mo effectively modulated the intrinsic electronic structure of metal sites and optimized the adsorption/desorption energy of the intermediates, accelerating OER reactions kinetics. By coupling MoFeNi anode with Pt/C cathode, anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyser can operate stably at 500 mA cm-2 with about less than 2.2 V. This research introduces a novel approach to develop ideal electrocatalysts through the incorporation of high-valence molybdenum species.

Comparative assessment of orthodontic clear aligner versus fixed appliance for anterior retraction: a finite element study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative evaluation of different designs of clear aligners and examine the disparities between clear aligners and fixed appliances. METHODS: 3D digital models were created, consisting of a maxillary dentition without first premolars, maxilla, periodontal ligaments, attachments, micro-implant, 3D printed lingual retractor, brackets, archwire and clear aligner. The study involved the creation of five design models for clear aligner maxillary anterior internal retraction and one design model for fixed appliance maxillary anterior internal retraction, which were subsequently subjected to finite element analysis. These design models included: (1) Model C0 Control, (2) Model C1 Posterior Micro-implant, (3) Model C2 Anterior Micro-implant, (4) Model C3 Palatal Plate, (5) Model C4 Lingual Retractor, and (6) Model F0 Fixed Appliance. RESULTS: In the clear aligner models, a consistent pattern of tooth movement was observed. Notably, among all tested models, the modified clear aligner Model C3 exhibited the smallest differences in sagittal displacement of the crown-root of the central incisor, vertical displacement of the central incisor, sagittal displacement of the second premolar and second molar, as well as vertical displacement of posterior teeth. However, distinct variations in tooth movement trends were observed between the clear aligner models and the fixed appliance model. Furthermore, compared to the fixed appliance model, significant increases in tooth displacement were achieved with the use of clear aligner models. CONCLUSIONS: In the clear aligner models, the movement trend of the teeth remained consistent, but there were variations in the amount of tooth displacement. Overall, the Model C3 exhibited better torque control and provided greater protection for posterior anchorage teeth compared to the other four clear aligner models. On the other hand, the fixed appliance model provides superior anterior torque control and better protection of the posterior anchorage teeth compared to clear aligner models. The clear aligner approach and the fixed appliance approach still exhibit a disparity; nevertheless, this study offers a developmental direction and establishes a theoretical foundation for future non-invasive, aesthetically pleasing, comfortable, and efficient modalities of clear aligner treatment.

Multicenter phase I dose escalation and expansion study of pyrotinib in combination with camrelizumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Background: Pembrolizumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy showed remarkable efficacy as first-line therapy for advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. Pyrotinib is an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor. This single-arm, open-label phase 1 dose-escalation (1a) and expansion (1b) study investigated camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, plus pyrotinib and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Methods: Between June 2020 and June 2022, 41 patients with previously untreated HER2-positive locally advanced unresectable or metastatic G/GEJ adenocarcinoma were enrolled. In phase 1a, patients underwent a 3 + 3 escalating dose design, receiving oral pyrotinib (240 mg, 320 mg, or 400 mg daily), intravenous camrelizumab (200 mg), and CapeOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for two weeks) every 3 weeks until progression, intolerable toxicity or consent withdrawal. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of pyrotinib was determined and used in the phase 1b. The primary endpoints were the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), RP2D, and confirmed objective response rate (ORR). This trial was registered with chictr.org, number ChiCTR2000029717. Findings: Among 41 patients, 10 were in phase 1a (3 at 240 mg, 3 at 400 mg, and 4 at 320 mg due to one patient withdrawing consent), and 31 were in phase 1b. In phase 1a, the MTD of pyrotinib was 320 mg daily due to dose-limiting toxicities (diarrhea [n = 3] and vomiting [n = 1]) observed at 400 mg. Based on all available data, the RP2D of pyrotinib was set at 320 mg. Among 41 patients, 20 patients (48.8%) developed grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and four patients (9.8%) had any grade serious adverse events. No deaths occurred due to TEAEs. Among 27 patients who received the RP2D of pyrotinib and had a post-baseline tumor assessment, two patients (7.4%) achieved a confirmed complete response, and 19 patients (70.4%) achieved a confirmed partial response, resulting in a confirmed ORR of 77.8% (95% CI: 57.7-91.4). Interpretation: Pyrotinib plus camrelizumab and chemotherapy showed promising efficacy in the first-line treatment of advanced HER2-positive G/GEJ cancer. The safety profile was consistent with known toxicities of the agents, and no new or unexpected safety signals were identified. Funding: This study was funded by the Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation (Y-HR2019-0377).

Complete lumbarization with calcified disc herniations at L5S1 and S1-2 levels treated with percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy: a case report and technique note.

Objective: This study aims to report a case of a patient with complete lumbarization (Castellvi-IB) who developed symptomatic calcified disc herniations at L5S1 and lumbarized S1-2 levels and achieved excellent neurological recovery following percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID). Summary of Background Data: In 1984, Castellvi et al. classified lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) into four types. They incorrectly classified I LSTV anomalies as only type I sacralization, not realizing type I lumbarization also belonged to type I LSTV, with the latter exhibiting a well-developed S1-2 disc (lumbosacral transitional disc, LSTD). Patients with type I lumbarization rarely develop calcified disc herniations concomitantly at L5S1 and LSTD levels. PEID has been developed to perform discectomy for neurological decompression at the lumbar region, especially at the lowest level where the higher iliac crest and/or widened transverse process exists. Methods: A 47-year-old male presented to our hospital complaining of an intractable left leg radiating pain for 3 weeks after suffering from chronic radiating pain for 4 years. His physical examination found hyperalgesia at the lateral side of the left calf, decreased dorsal flexion strength of the ankle (grade 4/5), and a positive sign of straight leg raising test at the left side (30°). The preoperational Lumbar JOA (Japanese Orthopaedic Association) score was 12. Image examinations including whole spinal radiograph, MRI, and CT confirmed complete lumbarization (Castellvi-IB) with calcified disc herniations at L5S1 and LSTD levels at the left side. PEID was carried out at two index levels to accomplish decompression via the left approach. Results: The patient's neurological function recovered quickly. One day postoperatively, he began to walk without discomfort. After 3 months, his muscle strength recovered to normal, and after 6 months, the residual dysesthesia at his posterolateral calf disappeared. The follow-up Lumbar JOA score was 26. Conclusion: Calcified lumbar disc herniation could develop at two distal levels concomitantly in the case of type I complete lumbarization. This anomaly might be misinterpreted as a normal lumbar sequence by only lumbar MRI. PEID may be an effective procedure to treat such calcified disc herniations in a single visit.

An Amphiphilic Star-Shaped Polymer (Star-PEG-PCL2) used as a Stationary Phase for GC.

A star-shaped polymer (Star-PEG-PCL2) was synthesized with PCL and PEG and used as a stationary phase for gas chromatography. The statically coated Star-PEG-PCL2 column exhibited an efficiency of 2260 plates/m determined by naphthalene at 120 °C and moderate polarity. The Star-PEG-PCL2 column showed high resolution performance for isomers of a wide ranging polarity, including methylnaphthalenes, halogenated benzenes, nitrobenzene, phenols, and anilines, and displayed dual-nature selectivity for a mixture of 17 analytes. Also, the Star-PEG-PCL2 column exhibited good separation performance and column inertness for Grob test mixture and a series of cis-/trans-isomers. In addition, it exhibited advantageous separation performance over the commercial HP-35 and PEG-20M columns for chloroaniline and bromoaniline isomers through its unique three-dimensional framework. In conclusion, it has good potential as a new stationary phase for separating a variety of analytes because of its special structure and excellent separation performance.

Increased retinoic acid signaling decreases lung metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inhibiting the noncanonical Notch1 pathway.

MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation are common hallmark genetic events in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). However, abnormal expression of MYB and NOTCH1 is also observed in patients without MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation. Here, we explore in-depth the molecular mechanisms of lung metastasis through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and exome target capture sequencing in two SACC patients without MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation. Twenty-five types of cells in primary and metastatic tissues were identified via Seurat clustering and categorized into four main stages ranging from near-normal to cancer-based on the abundance of each cell cluster in normal tissue. In this context, we identified the Notch signaling pathway enrichment in almost all cancer cells; RNA velocity, trajectory, and sub-clustering analyses were performed to deeply investigate cancer progenitor-like cell clusters in primary tumor-associated lung metastases, and signature genes of progenitor-like cells were enriched in the "MYC_TARGETS_V2" gene set. In vitro, we detected the NICD1-MYB-MYC complex by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and incidentally identified retinoic acid (RA) as an endogenous antagonist of genes in the "MYC_TARGETS_V2" gene set. Following this, we confirmed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) suppresses the lung metastasis of SACC by correcting erroneous cell differentiation mainly caused by aberrant NOTCH1 or MYB expression. Bioinformatic, RNA-seq, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of primary tissues and metastatic lung tissues from patients with SACC suggested that RA system insufficiency partially promotes lung metastasis. These findings imply the value of the RA system in diagnosis and treatment.

A Two-Center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of and Satisfaction with Different Methods of ART FILLER® UNIVERSAL Injection for Correcting Moderate to Severe Nasolabial Folds in Chinese Individuals.

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid is the most popular dermal filler in the treatment of nasolabial folds. Injection methods vary among physicians. METHODS: A randomized, two-center, double-blind, intraindividual trial was designed to compare a new method of injecting ART FILLER® UNIVERSAL using the retaining ligament with the traditional method (linear threading and bolus injection) in moderate to severe nasolabial folds. Forty patients with moderate to severe nasolabial folds were randomized into groups A and B. Group A received injections via the traditional method on the left side and the ligament method on the right side, while group B received the reverse. Clinical efficacy and patient safety were independently assessed by a blinded evaluator, the injector, using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS), the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and the Medicis Midface Volume Scale (MMVS) at 4 weeks (before and after the touch-up injection), 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after the baseline injection. RESULTS: From the perspective of the blinded evaluator, the improvements in WSRS scores from baseline did not differ significantly between the ligament method (0.73 ± 0.61) and the traditional method (0.89 ± 0.61) at week 24 (p > 0.05). The mean GAIS score at week 24 was 1.41 ± 0.49 for the traditional method and 1.32 ± 0.47 for the ligament method (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy and safety of the ligament method for the management of nasolabial folds are comparable to those of the traditional method in terms of WSRS and GAIS score improvement in the long run. The ligament method is superior to the traditional method in that it improves midface deficits with fewer adverse events. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under the registration number ChiCTR2100041702.

Roles of the Notch signaling pathway and microglia in autism.

The Notch signaling pathway is mainly involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation during the development of the central nervous system. As a neurodevelopmental disorder, autism is associated with an abnormal increase in the number of microglia in several brain regions. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of autism may be related to the Notch signaling pathway and microglia. In this review, we discuss how Notch pathway activity leads to behavioral abnormalities such as learning and memory impairment by influencing neuronal biological activities. An increase in microglial protein synthesis and abnormal autophagy can affect synaptic development and lead to behavioral abnormalities, and all of these changes can lead to autism. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway regulates the activation and differentiation of microglia and promotes inflammatory responses, leading to the occurrence of autism. When excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) secreted by microglia cannot be cleared by autophagy in a timely manner, Notch signaling pathway activity is affected, possibly further increasing susceptibility to autism. This review reveals the mechanism underlying the role of the Notch signaling pathway, microglia and their interaction in the pathogenesis of autism and provides a theoretical reference for targeted clinical therapies for autism.

Loss of Mature Lamin A/C Triggers a Shift in Intracellular Metabolic Homeostasis via AMPKα Activation.

The roles of lamin A/C in adipocyte differentiation and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism are associated with familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan (FPLD). We confirmed that LMNA knockdown (KD) in mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) prevented adipocyte maturation. Importantly, in in vitro experiments, we discovered a significant increase in phosphorylated lamin A/C levels at serine 22 or 392 sites (pLamin A/C-S22/392) accompanying increased lipid synthesis in a liver cell line (7701 cells) and two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and MHCC97-H cells). Moreover, HCC cells did not survive after LMNA knockout (KO) or even KD. Evidently, the functions of lamin A/C differ between the liver and adipose tissue. To date, the mechanism of hepatocyte lipid metabolism mediated by nuclear lamin A/C remains unclear. Our in-depth study aimed to identify the molecular connection between lamin A/C and pLamin A/C, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver cancer. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate functional changes and the related molecular pathways in 7701 cells. Adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) was activated when abnormalities in functional lamin A/C were observed following lamin A/C depletion or farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) treatment. Active AMPKα directly phosphorylated acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and subsequently inhibited lipid synthesis but induced glycolysis in both HCC cells and normal cells. According to the mass spectrometry analysis, lamin A/C potentially regulated AMPKα activation through its chaperone proteins, ATPase or ADP/ATP transporter 2. Lonafarnib (an FTI) combined with low-glucose conditions significantly decreased the proliferation of the two HCC cell lines more efficiently than lonafarnib alone by inhibiting glycolysis or the maturation of prelamin A.

Potential dependence of OER/EOP performance on heteroatom-doped carbon materials by grand canonical density functional theory.

Revealing the effect of external applied potential on the reaction mechanism and product selectivity is of great significance in electrochemical studies. In this work, the grand canonical density functional theory method was applied to simulate the explicit electrocatalytic process of oxygen evolution reaction and electrochemical ozone production due to the O3 product sensitivity toward the applied potential. Over the Pt/Pd single atom embedded on B/N co-doped graphene (Pt/Pd-BNC) surface, crossover points of O2/O3 selectivity inversion were predicted to be 1.33 and 0.89 V vs standard hydrogen electrode, which were also consistent with the previous experimental results. An in-depth analysis of the energetic terms in the reaction free energies also found the considerable impact of the applied potential on the Helmholtz free energy term, with optimal potential predicted for the key elementary steps, and linear correlations between electrode potential (U) and reaction free energy were found for each elementary step. This study offers extensive knowledge on the potential effect on the O2/O3 selective formation on two-dimensional anode surfaces and provides new insights for investigating the reactivity/selectivity on electrode surfaces in real reaction conditions.

Comparison of the Performance of Different Bile Salts in Enantioselective Separation of Palonosetron Stereoisomers by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography.

Bile salts are a category of natural chiral surfactants which have ever been used as the surfactant and chiral selector for the separation of many chiral compounds by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). In our previous works, the application of sodium cholate (SC) in the separation of four stereoisomers of palonosetron (PALO) by MEKC has been studied systematically. In this work, the parameters of other bile salts, including sodium taurocholate (STC), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), and sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC) in the separation of PALO stereoisomers by MEKC were measured and compared with SC. It was found that all of four bile salts provide chiral recognition for both pairs of enantiomers, as well as achiral selectivity for diastereomers of different degrees. The structure of steroidal ring of bile salts has a greater impact on the separation than the structure of the side chain. The varying separation results by different bile salts were elucidated based on the measured parameters. A model to describe the contributions of the mobility difference of solutes in the aqueous phase and the selectivity of micelles to the chiral and achiral separation of stereoisomers was introduced. Additionally, a new approach to measure the mobility of micelles without enough solubility for hydrophobic markers was proposed, which is necessary for the calculation of separation parameters in MEKC. Under the guidance of derived equations, the separation by SDC and STDC was significantly improved by using lower surfactant concentrations. The complete separation of four stereoisomers was achieved in less than 3.5 min by using 4.0 mM of SDC. In addition, 30.0 mM of STC also provided the complete resolution of four stereoisomers due to the balance of different separation mechanisms. Its applicability for the analysis of a small amount of enantiomeric impurities in the presence of a high concentration of the effective ingredient was validated by a real sample.

Comparison of flash-free and conventional bonding systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To review the literature systematically to compare the performance of adhesive precoated flash-free bonding systems with conventional adhesive precoated (APC) and operator-coated (OPC) bonding systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for potential eligible studies. Study selection and data collection were conducted independently. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. The Cochran Q test was used to test heterogeneity in the included studies. Risk of bias was evaluated using Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for randomized controlled trials. RESULTS: Six studies were included and the overall risk-of-bias judgment was low risk of bias to some concerns. The results of the meta-analyses showed that flash-free required significantly less bonding time than APC (mean difference [MD]: -1.56; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -2.56 to -0.56), and no significant differences were found in bond failure rates (risk ratio [RR]: 1.54; 95% Cis: 0.27 to 8.89) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) (MD: -0.50; 95% CIs: -1.14 to 0.14) between them. Qualitative analysis showed that flash-free might have a positive effect on enamel demineralization compared to APC but the quantity of plaque did not differ between them. CONCLUSIONS: The flash-free bonding system significantly reduced bonding time and it had comparable bond failure rates with APC. So far, there is not enough evidence to support its positive effect on reducing enamel demineralization and the pathogenic bacteria around brackets. In summary, flash-free might be a better choice for clinical bracket bonding.

Oxygen vacancies on Nb2O5 enhanced the performance of H2O2 electrosynthesis from O2 reduction.

A serial oxygen vacancy (OV) on Nb2O5 is synthesised by H2 calcination, and H-300 exhibited high selectivity and activity for H2O2 (93.4%, 562.5 mmol gcat-1). A volcano relationship is identified between the OV content and performance, which provides an attractive insight into designing electrocatalysts.

A Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients With Minimal Change Disease.

Background: Early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) can allow for timely interventions, but there are still few methods that are easy and convenient to apply in predicting AKI, specially targeted at patients with minimal change disease (MCD). Motivated by this, we aimed to develop a predicting model for AKI in patients with MCD within the KDIGO criteria. Methods: Data on 401 hospitalized adult patients, whose biopsy was diagnosed as MCD from 12/31/2010 to 15/7/2021, were retrospectively collected. Among these data, patients underwent biopsy earlier formed the training set (n = 283), while the remaining patients formed the validation set (n = 118). Independent risk factors associated with AKI were analyzed. From this, the prediction model was developed and nomogram was plotted. Results: AKI was found in 55 of 283 patients (19%) and 15 of 118 patients (13%) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. According to the results from lasso regression and logistic regression, it was found that four factors, including mean arterial pressure, serum albumin, uric acid, and lymphocyte counts, were independent of the onset of AKI. Incorporating these factors, the nomogram achieved a reasonably good concordance index of 0.84 (95%CI 0.77-0.90) and 0.75 (95%CI 0.62-0.87) in predicting AKI in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Decision curve analysis suggested clinical benefit of the prediction models. Conclusions: Our predictive nomogram provides a feasible approach to identify high risk MCD patients who might develop AKI, which might facilitate the timely treatment.

Active Microstructure Transformation and Enhanced Stability of Iron Foam Derived from Industrial Water Oxidation.

Tracking microstructure transformation under industrial conditions is significant and urgent for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Herein, employing iron foam (IF) as an object, we closely monitor related morphologies and composition evolution under 300 mA cm-2 at 40 °C (IF-40-t)/80 °C (IF-80-t) in 6 M KOH and find that the OER activity first increases and then decreases with the continuous generation of FeOOH. Moreover, the reasons for different tendencies of Tafel slope, double-layer capacitance, and impedance for IF-40-t/IF-80-t have been investigated thoroughly. In detail, the OER activity of IF-40-t is governed by electron and mass transport, while for IF-80-t, the dominating factor is electron transfer. Further, to improve the stability, guided by the above results, two versatile methods that do not sacrifice electron and mass transport have been proposed: surface coating and dynamic interface construction. The synchronous improvements of stability and activity are deeply revealed, which may provide inspiration for catalyst design for industrial applications.

Biomimetic Mineralized Hydroxyapatite Nanofiber-Incorporated Methacrylated Gelatin Hydrogel with Improved Mechanical and Osteoinductive Performances for Bone Regeneration.

Purpose: Methacrylic anhydride-modified gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels exhibit many beneficial biological features and are widely studied for bone tissue regeneration. However, deficiencies in the mechanical strength, osteogenic factors and mineral ions limit their application in bone defect regeneration. Incorporation of inorganic fillers into GelMA to improve its mechanical properties and bone regenerative ability has been one of the research hotspots. Methods: In this work, hydroxyapatite nanofibers (HANFs) were prepared and mineralized in a simulated body fluid to make their components and structure more similar to those of natural bone apatite, and then different amounts of mineralized HANFs (m-HANFs) were incorporated into the GelMA hydrogel to form m-HANFs/GelMA composite hydrogels. The physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and bone regenerative ability of m-HANFs/GelMA were determined in vitro and in vivo. Results: The results indicated that m-HANFs with high aspect ratio presented rough and porous surfaces coated with bone-like apatite crystals. The incorporation of biomimetic m-HANFs improved the biocompatibility, mechanical, swelling, degradation and bone regenerative performances of GelMA. However, the improvement in the performance of the composite hydrogel did not continuously increase as the amount of added m-HANFs increased, and the 15m-HANFs/GelMA group exhibited the best swelling and degradation performances and the best bone repair effect in vivo among all the groups. Conclusion: The biomimetic m-HANFs/GelMA composite hydrogel can provide a novel option for bone tissue engineering in the future; however, it needs further investigations to optimize the proportions of m-HANFs and GelMA for improving the bone repair effect.

Erratum: Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound regulates alveolar bone homeostasis in experimental Periodontitis by diminishing Oxidative Stress: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.42508.].